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Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Description [ ] Originally, the 'disc' in 'disc jockey' referred to, but now 'DJ' is used as an all-encompassing term to describe someone who mixes recorded music from any sources, including,, or on a. DJs typically perform for a live audience in a or dance club or a TV, radio broadcast audience, or in the 2010s, an audience. DJs also create mixes, remixes and tracks that are recorded for later sale and distribution.

In, DJs may create beats, using percussion, and other musical content from pre-existing records. In hip hop, rappers and MCs use these beats to over. DJs use equipment that can play at least two sources of recorded music simultaneously and.

This allows the DJ to create seamless transitions between recordings and develop unique mixes of songs. Often, this involves of the music sources so their rhythms do not clash when they are played together, either so two records can be played at the same time, or to enable the DJ to make a smooth transition from one song to another.

An important tool for DJs is the specialized, a small with a and functions. The crossfader enables the DJ to blend or transition from one song to another. The cue knobs or switches allow the DJ to pre-listen to a source of recorded music in before playing it for the live club or broadcast audience. Previewing the music in headphones helps the DJ pick the next track they want to play and the track to the desired starting location so it will mix well with the currently playing music. DJs may also use a to speak to the audience; such as to create sound effects; and such as and.

The title 'DJ' is also commonly used by DJs in front of their real names or adopted or as a title to denote their profession (e.g., and ). Some DJs focus on creating a good mix of songs for the club dancers or radio audience. Other DJs use techniques such as ', in which the DJ or manipulates the to create new rhythms and sounds.

DJs need to have a mixture of artistic and technical skills for their profession, because they have to understand both the creative aspects of making new musical beats and tracks, and the technical aspects of using, professional audio equipment, and, in the 2010s, and other computerized music gear. In many types of DJing, including club DJing and radio/TV DJing, a DJ also has to have and develop a good rapport with the audience.

Professional DJs often specialize in a specific genre of music, such as. DJs typically have an extensive knowledge about the music they specialize in. Many DJs are avid music collectors of vintage, rare or obscure tracks and records.

Who is also a, manipulating a in England in 2005. There are several types of disc jockey. Radio DJs or introduce and play music that is broadcast on,, or stations. Club DJs select and play music in bars, nightclubs or, or at parties,, or even in stadiums. Travel with and play recorded music at a variety of events. Some mobile DJs also serve as the (MC) at or other events, directing the attention of attendees, and maintaining a room-wide focus on what is included in the event's agenda. There are also many competitions for DJs that specialize in different techniques, such as mixing, -style ' or other kinds of techniques.

Other types of DJ use musical performance techniques that allow them to be categorized as performing musicians, depending on the situation. DJs not only select and play music using multiple (or other sound sources) to back one or more or rappers, but they also perform turntable ' to create rhythmic and percussive sounds and create and beats.

Hip hop DJs and are also often songwriters or who use and to create backing instrumentals for new tracks. DJ performing at Razel and Friends - Brooklyn Bowl, 2016 In, the DJ (deejay) is a vocalist who, ', chants or chats over pre-recorded rhythm tracks. The individual who helps the DJ by selecting tracks or records to be played is called the selector. Many artists and producers who also work as DJs often perform music by combining turntablism with keyboards, digital musical instruments, or live electronics., or DJs also often collaborate and play live music with bands and musicians from several musical genres (,, or even ), using turntables and electronics as musical instruments.

According to a 2012 study, there are approximately 1¼ million professional disc jockeys in the world. The songs, tracks and beats a DJ picks to play and the style in which the DJ mixes them defines a DJ's style. DJs are often connoisseurs of various music genres, and they often spend time in used record stores searching for rare or obscure tracks to use in their club sets. DJs also use to transition from song to song in different ways. One key technique used by DJs for seamlessly transitioning from one song to another is. The DJ's style can and should be pliable, depending on what club he or she is playing in and what kind of music is expected of the DJ (e. Xbox 360 Wireless Adapter Driver Windows 7. g. A dance requires a different set list than a or a event).

The DJ also has to 'read' the mood of the dancers, and pick songs or styles of music that will keep the dancers on the dance floor. Residents [ ] A resident DJ performs at a venue on a regular basis or permanently. They would perform regularly (typically under an agreement) in a particular discotheque, a particular club, a particular event, or a particular broadcasting station. Residents have a decisive influence on the club or a series of events. Per agreement with the management or company, the DJ would have to perform under agreed times and dates.

Typically, DJs perform as residents for two or three times in a week, for example, on Friday and Saturday. Also, DJs who make a steady income from a venue, are also considered resident DJs. Wynn Nightlife and are well known for hiring high-profile DJs as residents with 'skyrocketing pay'. Notable individuals [ ] • -, • -, • -, • -, New York • - Cork, • -, • -, Las Vegas • - Hakkasan, Las Vegas • - Hakkasan, Las Vegas • - Encore Beach Club, Las Vegas • -, Las Vegas Equipment [ ]. A DJ at the in 2003, using two turntables and a DJ mixer As music technology has progressed, DJs have adopted different types of equipment to play and mix music, all of which are still commonly used. Traditionally, DJs used two plugged into a to mix music on vinyl records. As became popular media for publishing music, specialized high quality CD players known as were developed for DJs.

CDJs can take the place of turntables or be used together with turntables. Many CDJs can now play digital music files from or in addition to CDs. With the spread of portable,, and computers, DJs began using software together with specialized and hardware.

DJ software can be used in conjunction with a hardware DJ mixer or be used instead of a hardware mixer. Turntables [ ].

Main article: allow DJs to play vinyl records. By adjusting the playback speed of the turntable, either by adjusting the speed knob, or by manipulating the platter (e.g., by slowing down the platter by putting a finger gently along the side), DJs can match the of different records so their rhythms can be played together at the same time without clashing or make a smooth, seamless transition from one song to another. This technique is known as. DJs typically replace the rubber mat on turntables that keeps the record moving in sync with the turntable with a that facilitates manipulating the playback of the record by hand. With the slipmat, the DJ can stop or slow down the record while the turntable is still spinning. Are the type preferred by DJs, with the being the most popular model of turntables for DJs. Belt-drive turntables are less expensive, but they are not suitable for turntablism and DJing, because the belt-drive motor does not like being slowed down, as it can stretch out the belt.

Some DJs, most commonly those who play music, go beyond merely mixing records and use turntables as musical instruments for,, and other techniques. A DM2002X Pro Master DJ mixer.

This three channel mixer can have up to three input sound sources. The control knobs and control knobs allow the volume and tone of each sound source to be adjusted.

The vertical faders allow for further adjustment of the volume of each sound source. The horizontally-mounted enables the DJ to smoothly transition from a on one sound source to a song from a different sound source. DJ mixers are small audio specialized for DJing. Most DJ mixers have far fewer channels than a mixer used by a or; whereas standard live sound mixers in small venues have 12 to 24 channels, and standard mixers have even more (as many as 72 on large boards), basic DJ mixers may have only two channels. While DJ mixers have many of the same features found on larger mixers (faders, equalization knobs, gain knobs,, etc), DJ mixers have a feature that is usually only found on DJ mixers: the. The crossfader is a type of fader that is mounted horizontally.

DJs used the crossfader to mix two or more sound sources. The midpoint of the crossfader's travel is a 50/50 mix of the two channels (on a two channel mixer). The far left side of the crossfader provides only the channel A sound source.

The far right side provides only the channel B sound source (e.g., record player number 2). Positions in between the two extremes provide different mixes of the two channels. Some DJs use a computer with DJ software and a instead of an analog DJ mixer to mix music, although DJ software can be used in conjunction with a hardware DJ mixer. Headphones [ ]. Main article: DJs generally use higher quality headphones than those designed for music consumers. DJ headphones have other properties useful for DJs, such as designs that acoustically isolate the sounds of the headphones from the outside environment (hard shell headphones), flexible headbands and pivot joints to allow DJs to listen to one side of the headphones, while turning the other headphone away (so he/she can monitor the mix in the club), and replaceable cables.

Replaceable cables enables DJs to buy new cables if a cable becomes frayed, worn, or damaged, or if a cable is accidentally cut. Closed-back headphones are highly recommended for DJs to block outside noise as the environment of DJ usually tend to be very noisy. Standard headphones have 3.5mm jack but DJ equipment usually requires ¼ inch jack. Most of specialized DJ Headphones have an adapter to switch between 3.5mm jack and ¼ inch jack. Detachable coiled cables are perfect for DJ Headphones.

Software [ ]. A of DJ software running on DJs have changed their equipment as new technologies are introduced. The earliest DJs in pop music, in 1970s discos, used, vinyl records and.

In the 1970s, DJs would have to lug heavy direct drive turntables and crates of records to clubs and shows. In the 1980s, many DJs transitioned to. In the 1990s and 2000s, many DJs switched to using such as and files. As technological advances made it practical to store large collections of digital music files on a computer, DJ software was developed so DJs could use a laptop as a source of music instead of transporting CDs or vinyl records to gigs. Unlike most designed for, DJ software can play at least two audio files simultaneously, display the of the files on screen and enable the DJ to listen to either source. The waveforms allow the DJ see what is coming next in the music and how the playback of different files is aligned. The software analyzes music files to identify their tempo and where the beats are.

The analyzed information can be used by the DJ to help manually like with vinyl records or the software can automatically synchronize the beats. Algorithms in software allow DJs to adjust the of recordings independently of their (and musical, a feature known as 'keylock'. Some software analyzes the loudness of the music for automatic normalization with and detects the musical key. Additionally, DJ software can store cue points, set loops, and apply.

As and became widespread, DJ software was written to run on these devices in addition to laptops. DJ software requires specialized hardware in addition to a computer to fully take advantage of its features. The consumer grade, regular integrated into most computer motherboards can only output two channels (one stereo pair).

However, DJs need to be able to output at least four channels (two stereo pairs, thus Left and Right for input 1 and Left and Right for input 2), either unmixed signals to send to a DJ mixer or a main output plus a headphone output. Additionally, DJ sound cards output higher quality signals than the sound cards built into consumer-grade computer motherboards. Timecode [ ] Special vinyl records (or CDs/digital files played with ) can be used with DJ software to play digital music files with DJ software as if they were pressed onto vinyl, allowing techniques to be used with digital files. These vinyl records do not have music recordings pressed on to them.

Instead, they are pressed with a special signal, referred to as 'timecode', to control DJ software. The DJ software interprets changes in the playback speed, direction, and position of the timecode signal and manipulates the digital files it is playing in the same way that the turntable manipulates the timecode record. This requires a specialized DJ with at least 4 channels (2 stereo pairs) of inputs and outputs.

With this setup, the DJ software typically outputs unmixed signals from the music files to an external hardware. Some DJ mixers have integrated sound cards that allow DJ software to connect directly to the mixer without requiring a separate sound card. DJ controllers [ ]. Main article: DJ software can be used to mix audio files on the computer instead of a separate hardware mixer.

When mixing on a computer, DJs often use a device that mimics the layout of two turntables plus a DJ mixer to control the software rather than the & on a laptop, or the on a. Many DJ controllers have an integrated with 4 output channels (2 stereo pairs) that allows the DJ to use headphones to preview music before playing it on the main output. Other equipment [ ] • A, so that the DJ can introduce songs and speak to the audience over the sound system.

• Electronic such as,,,,, etc. • Multi-stylus head shells, which allow a DJ to play different grooves of the same record at the same time. •,, electronic musical keyboards (),. • or ( and ), typically including cabinets for deep bass (or, if a DJ is broadcasting and/or recording a set, broadcasting equipment or recording gear) •, for listening to the 'house mix' that is playing over the main speakers Techniques [ ]. Two turntables set up for DJ use. A is placed between the two turntables. DJ has origins in the invention of.

Early were unsuitable for turntablism and mixing, since they had a slow start-up time, and they were prone to wear-and-tear and breakage, as the belt would break from backspinning or scratching. The first direct-drive turntable was invented by Shuichi Obata, an engineer at (now ), based in,. It eliminated belts, and instead employed a motor to directly drive a platter on which a vinyl record rests. In 1969, Matsushita released it as the, the first direct-drive turntable on the market, and the first in their influential series of turntables. In 1972, Technics started making their, which became the most popular turntable for DJs due to its high torque design. The SL-1200 had a rapid start and its durable direct drive enabled DJs to manipulate the platter, as with scratching techniques. DJs began using the Technics SL-1200s as musical instruments to manipulate records with techniques such as and rather than merely mixing records.

These techniques were developed in the 1970s by,, and, as they experimented with Technics direct-drive decks, finding that the motor would continue to spin at the correct even if the DJ wiggled the record back and forth on the platter. Although Technics stopped producing the SL-1200 in 2010, they remain the most popular DJ turntable due to their high build quality and durability. In 1980, Japanese company released the, an analog, which has unique artificial sounds, such as its booming and sharp, and a -like. 's use of the instrument in 1980 influenced hip hop pioneer Afrika Bambaataa, after which the TR-808 would be widely adopted by hip hop DJs, with 808 sounds remaining central to hip hop music ever since.

The, a released in 1981, had a similar impact on genres such as and, along with Roland's TR-808 and drum machines. In 1982, the (CD) format was released, popularizing. In 1998, the first MP3 digital audio player was released, the Eiger Labs MPMan F10.

Final Scratch debuted at the BE Developer Conference, marking the first digital DJ system to allow DJs control of MP3 files through special time-coded vinyl records or CDs. While it would take sometime for this novel concept to catch on with the 'die hard Vinyl DJs', This would soon become the first step in the new Digital DJ revolution. Manufacturers joined with computer DJing pioneers to offer professional endorsements, the first being Professor Jam (a.k.a. Rader), who went on to develop the industry's first dedicated computer DJ convention and learning program, the 'CPS (Computerized Performance System) DJ Summit', to help spread the word about the advantages of this emerging technology. In 2001, began producing the, making the use of digital music recordings with traditional DJ techniques practical for the first time. As the 2000s progressed, computers became more powerful and affordable. Telecharger Dreamweaver 8 Gratuit Avec Serial Season. , specialized DJ, and were developed for DJs to use laptops as a source of music rather than turntables or CDJs.

In the 2010s, like laptops before them, and became more powerful & affordable. DJ software was written to run on these more portable devices instead of laptops, although laptops remain the more common type of computer for DJing. Role of women [ ].

A DJ mixing two record players at a live event. In Western, have achieved great success in singing and songwriting roles, with top examples being, and. However, there are relatively few women DJs or turntablists.

Part of this may stem from a general low percentage of women in audio technology-related jobs. A 2013 article stated that there are '.few women in and.' Ncube states that '[n]inety-five percent of music producers are male, and although there are female producers achieving great things in music, they are less well-known than their male counterparts.' The vast majority of students in music technology programs are male. In, the low percentage of women DJs and turntablists may stem from the overall male domination of the entire hip hop music industry. Most of the top rappers, MCs, DJs, record producers and music executives are men. There are a small number of high-profile women, but they are rare.

DJ Virgin is a London, UK-based DJ. She is pictured mixing with a Pioneer, which can replicate the sound of vinyl record players. In 2007 Mark Katz's article 'Men, Women, and Turntables: Gender and the DJ Battle,' stated that 'very few women [do turntablism] battle[s]; the matter has been a topic of conversation among hip-hop DJs for years.'

In 2010 Rebekah Farrugia states 'the male-centricity of EDM culture' contributes to 'a marginalisation of women in these [EDM] spaces.' While turntablism and broader DJ practices should not be conflated, Katz suggests use or lack of use of the turntable broadly by women across genres and disciplines is impacted upon by what he defines as 'male technophilia.' Historian Ruth Oldenziel concurs in her writing on engineering with this idea of socialization as a central factor in the lack of engagement with technology. She explains: 'an exclusive focus on women's supposed failure to enter the field is insufficient for understanding how our stereotypical notions have come into being; it tends to put the burden of proof entirely on women and to blame them for their supposedly inadequate socialization, their lack of aspiration, and their want of masculine values. An equally challenging question is why and how boys have come to love things technical, how boys have historically been socialized as technophiles.' Lucy Green has focused on gender in relation to musical performers and creators, and specifically on educational frameworks as they relate to both. She suggests that women's alienation from 'areas that have a strong technological tendency such as DJ-ing, sound engineering and producing' are 'not necessarily about her dislike of these instruments but relates to the interrupting effect of their dominantly masculine delineations.'

Despite this, women and girls do increasingly engage in turntable and DJ practices, individually and collectively, and 'carve out spaces for themselves in EDM and DJ Culture'. There are various projects dedicated to the promotion and support of these practices such as Female DJs London. Some artists and collectives go beyond these practices to be more gender inclusive. For example,, a New York-based collective and booking agency, describe themselves as 'representing and showcasing cis women, trans women and genderqueer talent.' Photo gallery [ ] •.

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